This study presents an innovative numerical framework for addressing initial value problems (IVPs) in linear fractional Volterra–Fredholm integro-differential equations (FVFIDEs). The approach ...
In the fields of engineering and science, partial differential equations (PDEs) have extensive applications and significant potential for modeling natural and physical phenomena. These equations ...
Across modern data-intensive disciplines, the union of numerical computation, statistics, and machine learning has become ...
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