PivotTables can do more than you think, from splitting reports by category to calculating unique counts and percentage growth.

While Excel is ubiquitous, I prefer Python for my data analysis. Spreadsheets are great for formatting data, but it's Python that's allowed me to build my own super calculator out of regular Python ...

Daniel Jassy, CFA, is an Investopedia Academy instructor and the founder of SPYderCRusher Research. He contributes to Excel and Algorithmic Trading. VaR measures the likelihood of a specific loss ...

Landslides and slope instability events in Indonesia frequently occur during the rainy season. The relationship between rainfall and landslide activity is closely linked to the ability of rainwater to ...

Use the Sharpe ratio to evaluate an asset's risk vs. return Yarilet Perez is an experienced multimedia journalist and fact-checker with a Master of Science in Journalism. She has worked in multiple ...

Use Excel to calculate daily returns and standard deviation to gauge stock volatility. Annualize volatility by multiplying daily standard deviation by the square root of 252. Remember, standard ...

Annualized volatility is calculated as standard deviation times square root of periods. High annualized volatility indicates greater price variability and potential risk. Investors use annualized ...

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Kurtosis is a statistical measure used to define a characteristic of a dataset. When plotting normally distributed data on a graph, the data typically takes the shape of a bell. The data that are ...

The Poisson distribution is a special case of the binomial distribution that it models discrete events. It expresses the probability of a number of relatively rare events occurring in a fixed time if ...