Most modern American homes didn't have air conditioning until the 1960s. Before then, people had to cool off in other ways.

Architect and Researcher with a Master's Degree in "Architecture and Urbanism" from the Architectural Association, London. Interested in housing, culture, semiotics, social boundaries of space, and ...

The ability to dynamically control a behavioral task based on real-time animal behavior is an important feature for experimental neuroscientists. However, designing automated boxes for behavioral ...

Conditioning, extinction, and reinstatement are fundamental learning processes of animal adaptation, also strongly involved in human pathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, ...

Or rather, that’s long been the popular read among those in power, especially the wealthy white men who embraced Beethoven and turned his symphony into a symbol of their superiority and importance.

In today’s world, indirect exposure to threatening situations is more common than ever, as illustrated by footage of terror and disaster in social media. How do ...

Throughout this issue, countless examples show why we are so proud of the students at the law school. One might think that we get lucky that the students the admissions office chose for their academic ...

Research on Pavlovian fear conditioning has been very successful in revealing what has come to be called the brain’s fear system. The field has now matured to the point where a sharper ...

Some of the clearest evidence on the localization of memory within the mammalian brain has come from studies of associative learning, especially through the use of classical or Pavlovian conditioning, ...